Broj aktivnih satelita u Zemljinoj orbiti premašio je 10.000, prema tvrtki Look Up Space koja prati stanje u svemiru. SpaceXova konstelacija Starlink čini oko dvije trećine tog broja. A to je tek početak.
Tvrtka Look Up Space nabrojila je prošlog mjeseca oko Zemlje 10.019 aktivnih satelita, od čega 6.646 pripada Starlinku. U prvoj fazi, kad se kompletira bit će 12.000 satelita Starlinka, s mogućnošću kasnijeg proširenja na 34.400. Elon Musk je čak spomenuo potencijalni budući cilj lansiranja do 42.000 satelita.
Većina satelita nalazi se u niskoj Zemljinoj orbiti (LEO), koja čini 84 posto ukupnog broja. Geostacionarna orbita (GEO) sadrži 12 posto, a srednja Zemljina orbita (MEO) 3 posto satelita. LEO je posebno pogodan za male satelite zbog nižih troškova lansiranja i kraćeg vremena putovanja signala, što ga čini idealnim za komunikacijske primjene.
Sateliti se primarno koriste za komunikaciju, s 3.135 jedinica namijenjenih toj svrsi. Promatranje Zemlje slijedi s 1.052 satelita, dok je 383 posvećeno tehnološkom razvoju. Navigacija i svemirska znanost koriste 154, odnosno 108 satelita. Mali sateliti dominiraju ovim misijama, s 80 posto komunikacijskih i 79 posto tehnološko-razvojnih satelita mase manje od 300 kg. Ova prevaga manjih, isplativijih satelita omogućila je sudjelovanje 105 zemalja ili multinacionalnih organizacija u svemirskim aktivnostima.
U svemiru13.326 komada otpada: Porast broja satelita doveo je do značajnog povećanja svemirskog otpada i rizika od sudara. Trenutno se prati gotovo 3.200 raketnih stupnjeva i 13.326 komada otpada, što predstavlja samo dio procijenjenih milijun komada veličine centimetar ili više. Look Up Space svakodnevno prati i analizira gotovo tisuću rizika od sudara Rizik se povećava jer tek slijeda nova lansiranja.
Tvrtke poput SpaceXa, OneWeba i Amazonovog Project Kuipera predvode ovu ekspanziju, zajedno s planovima za lansiranje tisuća novih satelita u nadolazećim godinama iz Rusije, Kine i Europe.
Ruski sateliti: Ruski ekvivalent Starlinku je satelitski komunikacijski sustav nazvan “Sfera”. Projekt je najavljen 2018. godine kao odgovor na razvoj zapadnih satelitskih mreža poput Starlinka.
Planira se lansiranje oko 640 satelita u nisku Zemljinu orbitu do 2028. godine. Ovi sateliti će pružati širokopojasni Internet, navigaciju i komunikacijske usluge. Sferu razvija i financira ruska vlada kroz svoju svemirsku agenciju Roscosmos.
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